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ADEM
- Post viral infection or vaccination
- Immune-mediated
- Headache, fever, altered sensorium, focal neurologic deficits
- Monophasic disease -relapses may occur within a few months
- Multiple areas brain and spinal cord involvement
- Only in 10-30% there is residual neurologic deficit
- Asymmetrical areas involved, affects subcortical white matter of cerebrum, involves cerebellum and spinal cord
- Deep gray matter involvement rare, but occurs
- Free diffusion in all lesions
- Rarely can be fulminant and hemorrhagic
MS
- Relapsing remitting disseminated in time and place
- New lesions in follow up scans
- Periventricular and callosal lesions
- Never involves deep gray matter
NMSODs
- Aquaporin- 4 associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
MOG
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) autoantibody
- Optic neuritis, myelitis, brainstem encephalitis
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