ADEM, MS, NMSOD and MOG

woman holding her head

ADEM

  • Post viral infection or vaccination
  • Immune-mediated
  • Headache, fever, altered sensorium, focal neurologic deficits
  • Monophasic disease -relapses may occur within a few months
  • Multiple areas brain and spinal cord involvement
  • Only in 10-30% there is residual neurologic deficit
  • Asymmetrical areas involved, affects subcortical white matter of cerebrum, involves cerebellum and spinal cord
  • Deep gray matter involvement rare, but occurs
  • Free diffusion in all lesions
  • Rarely can be fulminant and hemorrhagic

MS

  • Relapsing remitting disseminated in time and place
  • New lesions in follow up scans
  • Periventricular and callosal lesions
  • Never involves deep gray matter

NMSODs

  • Aquaporin- 4 associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

MOG

  • Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) autoantibody
  • Optic neuritis, myelitis, brainstem encephalitis