- Idiopathic
- Trauma and vascular
- Fracture
- Radiotherapy
- Dysbaric osteonecrosis
- Arteritis
- Inflammatory
- Pancreatitis
- Connective tissue disease
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Metabolic and endocrine
- Pregnancy
- Diabetes
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Gaucher’s disease
- Toxic
- Steroids
- Alcohol
- Immunosuppressives
- Hematological disorders
- Sickle cell anemia
- Polycythemia rubra vera
- Hemophilia