Biophysical profile score
Check 4 parameters in 30 minute duration. Scoring system used gives 0 or 2 points for each parameter 6/8 or 8/8 is considered normal If score is <6 on 8, do additional test like non-stress test BPP suggests good fetal tissue oxygenation. Abnormal BPP means fetal acidemia Parameter 2 points Thoracic movement 1 or more…
Amniotic fluid index – gestational age
Gestational age (weeks) Amniotic fluid index (cm) 5th percentile 50th percentile 95th percentile 24 9.8 14.7 21.9 25 9.7 14.7 22.1 26 9.7 14.7 22.3 27 9.5 14.6 22.6 28 9.4 14.6 22.8 29 9.2 14.5 23.1 30 9.0 14.5 23.4 31 8.8 14.5 23.8 32 8.6 14.4 24.2 33 8.3 14.3 24.5 34 8.1…
Goldman and Sandler classification of urethral injuries
Grade I Posterior urethra stretched but intact Grade II Partial or complete posterior urethral tear above intact urogenital diaphragm Grade III Partial or complete tear of combined anterior and posterior urethra with torn urogenital diaphragm Grade IV Bladder neck injury with extension to the urethra Grade IVa Injury to bladder base with extravasation simulating type…
Colapinto and McCallum classification of urethral injuries
Grade I Posterior urethra stretched but intact Grade II Posterior urethral tear above intact urogenital diaphragm Grade III Posterior urethral tear with extravasation through torn urogenital diaphragm
AAST renal injury scale
Grade Parenchyma Collecting system Vascular Grade I Sub capsular hematoma and/or contusion No injury No injury Grade II Laceration < 1 cm in depth and into cortex, small perirenal hematoma contained within Gerota fascia No injury No injury Grade III Laceration > 1 cm in depth and into medulla, hematoma contained within Gerota fascia No…
Pediatric spleen span in Indian girls
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Pediatric spleen span in Indian boys
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Pediatric liver span in Indian girls
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Pediatric liver span in Indian boys
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Fetal heart rate
Rate (beats/min) R-R interval (s) Normal – 20 weeks 120-160 0.5-0.375 Normal – 36 weeks 110-150 0.55-0.4 Tachycardia >180 <0.33 Bradycardia <100 >0.6
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Introduced in 1987 Most widely available bone density technique Technique Two X-ray beam with differing kVp (30-50 keV and >70 keV) used, this enables soft tissue subtraction BMD measured in given area of bone as g/cm3. Spatial resolution 1 to 0.5 mm Low radiation dose: 1-6 µSv Anatomical locations L1-L4 spine Proximal femur Distal radius…
Diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1
At least two major criteria makes the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 Major criteria cafe au lait spots freckling in inguinal or axillary areas one plexiform neurofibroma or two neurofibromas of any type visual pathway glioma two or more Lisch nodules of iris distinctive osseous lesion (sphenoid dysplasia or thinning of cortex) first-degree relative with…
Ossification centres around elbow
Anatomy Age (years) of appearance of ossification centre on radiograph Age (years) of fusion Capitellum 0-2 13-16 Radial head 3-6 13-17 Medial epicondyle 3-9 up to 20 Trochlea 7-13 13-16 Olecranon 8-10 13-16 Lateral epicondyle 8-12 13-16 ‘CRITOE’
Fetal weight percentiles – third trimester
Doubilet, Peter M., et al. “Improved birth weight table for neonates developed from gestations dated by early ultrasonography.” Journal of ultrasound in medicine 16.4 (1997): 241-249.
Crown rump length – gestational age
Robinson, H. P., and J. E. E. Fleming. “A critical evaluation of sonar “crown‐rump length” measurements.” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 82.9 (1975): 702-710.
Mean sac diameter and gestational age
These measurements are taken in transvaginal scan. Daya, S. A. L. I. M., et al. “Early pregnancy assessment with transvaginal ultrasound scanning.” CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal 144.4 (1991): 441.
Abdominal circumference – fetal biometry
Kurmanavicius, Juozas, et al. “Fetal ultrasound biometry: 2. Abdomen and femur length reference values.” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 106.2 (1999): 136-143.
Head circumference – fetal biometry
Kurmanavicius, Juozas, et al. “Fetal ultrasound biometry: 2. Abdomen and femur length reference values.” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 106.2 (1999): 136-143.
Femur length – fetal biometry
Kurmanavicius, Juozas, et al. “Fetal ultrasound biometry: 2. Abdomen and femur length reference values.” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 106.2 (1999): 136-143.
Biparietal diameter – fetal biometry
Kurmanavicius, Juozas, et al. “Fetal ultrasound biometry: 1. Head reference values.” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology106.2 (1999): 126-135.