Section Intervertebral disc 17 Apr 202212 Apr 2022 Discs constitute 1/4 length of vertebral columnThickest in cervical and lumbar region, where movement is greatestAct as shock absorbers Loses resilience with advancing ageConsists of 2 parts: peripheral annulus fibrosus and…
Section Planes of the body 16 Apr 202216 Apr 2022 Median sagittal plane Divides body into right and left halvesAny plane parallel to this dividing body into unequal halves is called sagittal or parsagittal plane Coronal plane Divides body into…
Section Atlanto-axial joint 16 Apr 202212 Apr 2022 Consists of three synovial joints. One between odontoid process and anterior arch of atlas, other two between lateral masses of bones Apical ligament: connects apex of odontoid process to anterior margin…
Section Atlanto-occipital joint 15 Apr 202212 Apr 2022 Synovial joint between occipital condyle above and facet on superior surface of lateral mass of atlasAnterior atlanto-occipital membrane: continuation of anterior longitudinal ligament. Connects anterior arch of atlas to anterior…
Section Typical lumbar vertebra 14 Apr 202210 Apr 2022 Body is large and kidney shapedPedicles strong and directed backwardLaminae thickTriangular vertebral foramenLong slender transverse processesSpinous process - short, flat, quadrangular and point backwardArticular surface of superior articular process -…
Section Typical thoracic vertebra 13 Apr 202210 Apr 2022 Body is medium size and heart shapedSmall and circular vertebral foramenLong spine that is inclined downwardCostal facets on side of body for articulation with head of ribsCostal facets on transverse…
Section Typical cervical vertebra 12 Apr 202210 Apr 2022 Transverse process has a foramen transversarium that allows vertebral artery and veins to passSpine is small and bifidBody is small and broad from side to sideVertebral foramen is large and…
Section Thoracic outlet 11 Apr 202210 Apr 2022 Chest cavity communicates with root of neck through this outletOutlet: called so as important vessels emerge from thorax into neck from hereBoundaries: laterally first rib, posteriorly first thoracic vertebra, anteriorly…
Section Ribs 10 Apr 20229 Apr 2022 12 pairs Attached posteriorly to thoracic vertebrae3 types: true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs True ribs Upper 7 pairs attached anteriorly to sternum via costal cartilages False ribs 8th, 9th and…
Section Sternum 9 Apr 20229 Apr 2022 Lies in midline of anterior chest wallFlat bone 3 parts: manubrium sterni, body of sternum and xiphoid process Manubrium Upper part Articulates with body at manubriosternal jointArticulates with clavicles, first costal cartilage…