Section Vein of Galen malformation 21 Apr 202221 Apr 2022 Aneurysmal dilatation of median prosencephalic vein of Markowski due to arteriovenous fistula that occurs in 6-11 weeks of gestation 30% of all pediatric vascular malformationsM:F = 2:1Most common extra cardiac cause…
Section Acute disseminating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in children 27 Mar 202231 Mar 2022 Introduction Follows an infection (viral) or vaccinationPost infectious inflammatory immune-mediated processFocal neurologic deficits, headache, fever, altered consciousnessMonophasic usuallyCan involve multiple sites in brain and spinal cordFull recovery in children apart…
Section Hydrocephalus 26 Mar 202231 Mar 2022 Introduction Any condition where ventricles are enlargedCommunicating hydrocephalus - extra ventricular obstructionNoncommunicating hydrocephalus - intra ventricular obstructionVentriculomegaly - lack of brain parenchyma (atrophy or lack of development)Surgical intervention - role…
Section Cavum septum pellucidum 2 Jan 202228 Dec 2021 80% of babiesDisappears after 6 monthsNo communication with CSFNo ependymal liningIf it extends posteriorly, it is called cavum septum pellucidum et vergae
Section Virchow Robin spaces 2 Jan 20225 Apr 2022 Perivascular spaceTransmit small arteries and veinsRadially orientedSeen as radiating lines in white matterCSF signal in all sequencesAsymmetrically large perivascular spaces often misdiagnosed as lacunar infarctsIn basal ganglia, they are ovoid…
Section Mega cisterna magna 1 Jan 202228 Dec 2021 Normal fourth ventricleNormal cerebellumDilatation of CSF posterior to cerebellumSimplest form of Dandy-Walker complex Read more Kollias, Spyros S., William S. Ball Jr, and Erin C. Prenger. "Cystic malformations of the…
Section Dandy-Walker variant 1 Jan 202228 Dec 2021 Vermian hypoplasiaCerebellar hemispheres fairly preservedLarge posterior fossaLarge CSF cyst in posterior fossa without any brain stem compressionFourth ventricle is presentMild lifting of torcula Read more Estroff, J. A., M. R.…
Section Dandy-Walker complex 31 Dec 202128 Dec 2021 Absent cerebellum and vermisLarge posterior fossaLarge CSF cyst in posterior fossa that compresses brainstemAbsent fourth ventricleLifting of torculaAbsent falx cerebelliElevated tentorium cerebelli Associated with usually severe cerebral malformationsHas poor prognosis Read…
Section Chiari 2 malformation 31 Dec 202128 Dec 2021 Protrusion of tonsils > 5 mm below foramen magnumHerniation of fourth ventricle and cerebellar vermis below foramen magnumSmall posterior fossaCerebellar hemisphere can herniate superiorly through tectorial incisorHypoplastic corpus callosumTectal plate…