Section Viral encephalitis 17 May 202317 May 2023 Patchy, asymmetrical Prefers grey matter Herpes: anterior temporal and inferior frontal cortical region Limbic encephalitis: herpes involvement of hippocampi and cingulate gyrus EBV: patchy enhancement and edema Widespread hemispheric involvement:…
Section ADEM, MS, NMSOD and MOG 17 May 202317 May 2023 ADEM Post viral infection or vaccination Immune-mediated Headache, fever, altered sensorium, focal neurologic deficits Monophasic disease -relapses may occur within a few months Multiple areas brain and spinal cord involvement…
Section Subgaleal hemorrhage, cephalhematoma and caput succedaneum 17 May 202317 May 2023 Subgaleal hemorrhage Deep to scalp aponeurosis Often severe and may need transfusion Cephalhematoma Traumatic subperiosteal bleed Between cranial vault and outer layer of periosteum Confined by sutures May undergo calcification…
Section shaken baby syndrome 17 May 202317 May 2023 Vigorous or violent shaking Rapid alternating acceleration deceleration forces Subarachnoid hemorrage, cerebral contusion, laceration Diffuse cerebral edema best identified in parieto-occipital region Spinal subdural hematoma Severe injuries can result in…
Section Pediatric hydrocephalus 16 May 202316 May 2023 Understanding terminologies Communicating hydrocephalus: extraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus Noncommunicating hydrocephalus: intraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus Pathophysiology Imbalance between production and absorption Produced by choroid plexus Absorbed by brain and spinal cord, less extent…
Section Ventriculus terminalis 6 Feb 20236 Feb 2023 5th ventricle Dilatation of terminal spinal cord canal
Section Altman surgical classification of sacrococcygeal teratoma 6 Feb 20236 Feb 2023 Type I: primarily external - best prognosis 47% Type II: Dumbell shape with equal external and internal component 34% Type III: mainly internal within abdomen and pelvis 9% Type IV:…
Section L2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria 29 Jan 202329 Jan 2023 hyperintensity of subcortical white matter normal periventricular white matter hyperintense basal ganglia putamina bilateral cerebellar nuceli hyperintensity
Section Alexander disease 29 Jan 202329 Jan 2023 hyperintensity in subcortica, deep and periventricular white matter hyperintense basal ganglia
Section Vanishing white matter disease 29 Jan 202329 Jan 2023 hyperintensity of deep white matter normal subcortical white matter areas of cavitation
Section GM2 gangliosidosis 29 Jan 202329 Jan 2023 hypomyelination of white matter T1 thalmic hyperintensity, T2 hypointensity
Section Glutaric aciduria type I 29 Jan 202329 Jan 2023 hypoplasia of frontal and temporal insulae open sylvian fissures hyperintensity of posterior putamina