Section Mondor disease 1 Sep 202212 Sep 2022 Superficial thrombophlebitisJust under the skinClinically visibleShould distinguish from dilated ducts with intraduct contentVein cannot be compressed due to thrombosisOften not detected on mammogram
Section Sternalis muscle 1 Sep 202212 Sep 2022 Rare variantTriangular or round in shapeSeen medially adjacent to sternumLook for it in the CC view of mammogramKnowledge of this is imperative to rule out a mass
Section Poland syndrome 1 Sep 202212 Sep 2022 Varying degress of hypoplasia or even absence ofCostosternal component of pectoralis majorSerratus anteriorExternal obliqueCostal cartilagesMay be associated with syndactyly, other upper limb deformitiesIpsilateral breast maybe hypoplastic or absent
Section Polythelia, polymastia 1 Sep 20221 Sep 2022 Polythelia: accessory nipplesPolymastia: accessory breasts
Section Levels of axillary lymph nodes 1 Sep 20221 Sep 2022 Level IInferior and lateral to pectoralis minorLevel IIRotter nodes – beneath pectoralis minorLevel IIISuperior to pectoralis minor Level I and II usually removed in full dissection
Section Paget disease of the nipple 1 Sep 202212 Sep 2022 Carcinoma in situ from nipple epidermisNipple areola thickening and retractionNo obvious findings in ultrasoundAbnormal nipple enhancement in post Gd MRI
Section Ductal carcinoma in situ 1 Sep 202212 Sep 2022 Malignancy from epithelial cells of terminal duct lobular unitNo basement membrane invasionCalcification is the most common finding – fine linear or branching, tend to be a cluster seen accompanying dilated…
Section Phyllodes tumor 1 Sep 202212 Sep 2022 Can be benign or malignantArises from periductal stromaThe papillary growth pattern is the origin of the name ‘Phyllodes’ (leaf-like in Greek)Large rapidly growing without calcifications. Calcifications when present (rare) are…
Section Fibromatosis of breast 1 Sep 20221 Sep 2022 Aggressive growth of fibroblasts and myofibroblastsArises typically from pectoralis fasciaHence the mass is often seen closely related to pectoralis majorLarge spiculated dense lesionHypoechoic on ultrasound, hypointense on MR sequences with…
Section Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) 1 Sep 202212 Sep 2022 Benign lesionMyofibroblastic hyperplasiaRound or oval shaped 5-10 cm sized well defined lesionVery slow growingNo typical echogenicity or enhancement patternsCore biopsy diagnostic
Section Papilloma breast 1 Sep 202212 Sep 2022 Benign proliferation of duct epithelial and myoepithelial cells70% lesions central, involves main ducts in subareolar region30% occurs in peripheral breast, in terminal duct lobular unitsLesion is occult usually in mammographyUltrasound…
Section Fibrocystic change of breast 1 Sep 202212 Sep 2022 A mixture of cysts, fibrosis and adenosisDiffuse involvement of both breastsScattered calcifications, varying densities of glandularity, temporally changing cystsCysts can be macro, cluster of micro, regional or diffuseThis condition make…