Section Jugular bulb diverticulum 20 Apr 202217 Apr 2022 Congenital vascular abnormality of jugular bulbFocal finger like projection extending from jugular bulb into surrounding skull baseCommonly seen with high riding jugular bulbExtends superiorly and medially, into area between IAC,…
Section Thyroid orbitopathy 10 Nov 2021 Immune-mediated disorderAssociated with hyperthyroidism in Graves diseaseCan be seen in hypo or euthyroid individualsOrbitopathy often precedes actual thyroid diseaseM:F = 1:44th to 5th decadeMost common cause of bilateral or unilateral…
Section Optic drusen 10 Nov 2021 Deposit of lipoproteinaceous material between basal lamina of retinal pigment epithelium and inner collagenous layer of Bruch membraneAsymptomaticNormal feature in aging eyesAlso seen in age-related macular degeneration Imaging Fundoscopy: blurring…
Section Optic nerve sheath meningioma 9 Nov 2021 Primary or secondaryPrimary - arise from arachnoid sheath of optic nerve Secondary - spread from intracranial tumor from anterior clinoid process or sphenoid wing to involve orbit via optic canal or…
Section Optic nerve glioma 9 Nov 2021 Young patients, peak in first decadeBilateral lesions diagnostic of neurofibromatosis type 1Pilocystic astrocytoma (WHO grade 1) most common. Little or no progression over time Visual loss less common in NF-1 Imaging …
Section Retinoblastoma 8 Nov 2021 Aggressive malignant neoplasmArises from immature retinaMost common intraocular tumor of childhoodManifests by 5 years of ageDamage to RB1 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 13Multifocal or bilateral involvement in inherited diseaseTrilateral…
Section Juvenile angiofibroma 7 Nov 2021 Adolescent boysHeavy epistaxisBenign, locally invasiveMass originates at sphenopalatine foramen, widens the pterygopalatine foramen, extends into nasal cavity, erodes medial pterygoid plate and skull base near Vidian canal. Contrast enhanced MR preferred…
Section Inverted papilloma 7 Nov 2021 Middle meatal mass Causes unilateral nasal obstructionUsually an ostiomeatal patternM:F = 4:110% show calcification at site of attachmentCT: Lobulated outline. Sufficient for diagnosisMRI: Cerebriform pattern. MRI preferred to assess recurrenceSubperiosteal resection…