| Stage | Tumor extent | Dukes | 5-year survival |
| I | T1 – invades submucosa T2 – invades muscularis propria No nodal involvement, no distant metastasis | A | 85-95% |
| II | T3 – invades outside muscularis propria T4a – invades visceral peritoneum T4b – invades other organs No nodal involvement, no distant metastasis | B | 60-80% |
| III | N1 – 1 to 3 lymph nodes N2 – more than 3 lymph nodes | C | 30-60% |
| IVa | M1a – distant metastasis to one organ | D | <10% |
| IVb | M1b – distant metastasis to more than one organ | D | <10% |
| IVc | Metastasis to peritoneum with or without distant organ involvement | D | <10% |
Read more
Weiser, Martin R. “AJCC 8th edition: colorectal cancer.” Annals of surgical oncology 25.6 (2018): 1454-1455.
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